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Phoenix is a second-generation retrovirus producer cell line for the generation of helper-free ecotropic and amphotropic retroviruses.

The unique feature of this cell line is that it is highly transfectable with either calcium phosphate mediated transfection or lipid-based transfection protocols-- up to 50% or higher of cells can be transiently transfected.

Phoenix-GP expresses only gag-pol and is available for further pseudotyping of retroviral virions with other envelope proteins such as gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope or Vesicular stomatitus VSV-G protein.

HEK 293T/17 cells were transformed with adenovirus E1a carrying a temperature sensitive T antigen co-selected with neomycin. Transformation was brought about by the insertion of approximately 4.5 kilobases of viral genome into human chromosome 19.

The Phoenix-GP cell line does not express any envelope, and therefore can readily be pseudotyped with envelope of choice, such as VSV-G protein envelope.

1. Remove and discard culture medium.
2. Briefly rinse the cell layer with 0.25% (w/v) Trypsin- 0.53 mM EDTA solution to remove all traces of serum that contains trypsin inhibitor.
3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of Trypsin-EDTA solution to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually within 5 to 15 minutes).
   Note: To avoid clumping do not agitate the cells by hitting or shaking the flask while waiting for the cells to detach. Cells that are difficult to detach may be placed at 37°C to facilitate dispersal.
4. Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
5. Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.
6. Incubate cultures at 37°C.

Note: Culture to ≤80% confluence to prevent the cells from sloughing

CSF1PO: 11,12
D13S317: 12,14
D16S539: 9,13
D5S818: 8,9
D7S820: 11TH01: 7, 9.3
TPOX: 11vWA: 16,19
Amelogenin: X

Swift S et al. Rapid Production of Retroviruses for Efficient Gene Delivery to Mammalian Cells Using 293T Cell-Based Systems. Current Protocols in Immunology,Unit 10.17C, 2001

Pear WS, et al. Production of High-Titer Helper-Free Retroviruses by Transient Transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 8392-8396, 1993. PubMed: 7690960

Nolan Laboratory Retroviral Systems. Phoenix helper-free retrovirus producer lines, https://web.stanford.edu/group/nolan/_OldWebsite/retroviral_systems/retsys.html