Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
The parental cell lines ATCC CRL-2918 (NM2C5) and ATCC CRL-2914 ?(M4A4) were derived from the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-435.
Note: Recent studies have generated questions about the origin of the parent cell line, MDA-MB-435. Additional studies have since corroborated a melanocyte origin of MDA-MB-435, to which ATCC has responded by pursuing its own investigation into the identity of this cell line.
The NM2C5 GFP (ATCC CRL-2919) cell line was developed by the transduction of the GFP gene into NM2C5 (ATCC CRL-2918) cell line.
M4A4 is highly metastatic in immuno-deprived mice, while NM2C5 is weakly or virtually non-metastatic.
Gene expression analysis of the cells produced microarrays in which MDA-MB-435 clustered with cell lines of melanoma origin instead of breast.
The cell line to which MDA-MB-435 is reported to have been cross-contaminated with is the M14 melanoma line Ref
Rae JM, et al. Common origins of MDA-MB-435 cells from various sources with those shown to have melanoma properties. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 21: 543-552, 2004. PubMed: 15679052 RefRoss DT, et al. Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines. Nature Genetics 24: 227-235, 2000. PubMed: 10700174 RefEllison G, et al. Further evidence to support the melanocytic origin of MDA-MB-435. Mol. Pathol. 55: 294-299, 2002. PubMed: 12354931. RefSellappan S, et al. Lineage infidelity of MDA-MB-435 cells: expression of melanocyte proteins in a breast cancer cell line. Cancer Res. 64: 3479-3485, 2004. PubMed: 15150101. RefRae JM, et al., MDA-MB-435 cells are derived from M14 Melanoma cells - a loss for breast cancer, but a boon for melanoma research. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 104:13-19, 2007. PubMed: 17004106..
Ross DT, et al. Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines. Nature Genetics 24: 227-235, 2000. PubMed: 10700174
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Rae JM, et al. Common origins of MDA-MB-435 cells from various sources with those shown to have melanoma properties. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 21: 543-552, 2004. PubMed: 15679052
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Sellappan S, et al. Lineage infidelity of MDA-MB-435 cells: expression of melanocyte proteins in a breast cancer cell line. Cancer Res. 64: 3479-3485, 2004. PubMed: 15150101.
Ellison G, et al. Further evidence to support the melanocytic origin of MDA-MB-435. Mol. Pathol. 55: 294-299, 2002. PubMed: 12354931.
Rae JM, et al., MDA-MB-435 cells are derived from M14 Melanoma cells - a loss for breast cancer, but a boon for melanoma research. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 104:13-19, 2007. PubMed: 17004106.
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